Study Guide-05 Biology 1004

North Arkansas College

Topic: Biology Study Guide Lecture Test- Final 

  1. A community and all the non-living elements that interact with (sunlight, nutrients, soil, etc) is called________________.
  2. When population growth increases in proportion to the number of members of a population _____________growth is said to have occurred.
  3. The use of pesticides in many agricultural communities has lead to a great reduction in many targeted insects. However, many other non-target insects have declined as well. In particular ecologists and fruit growers have noticed that certain species of bees that pollinate valuable plants have declined, leading to a decrease in many bee-pollinated species. In communities where great change has occurred due to the decline in this ecosystem function, bees may be________________________________.
  4. In the process of nitrogen fixation, plants contribute carbon to the bacteria that are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen gas and the bacteria then supply the plants with a useable form of nitrogen. This is an example of__________________.
  5. The process by which one species evolves features that result in it taking on the appearance of another species is called what___________________________.
  6. The largest scale of life, which can be thought of as the interaction of all Earth’s ecosystems is called________________.
  7. Which of the following show the effects of a density dependent limiting factor?
    1. A forest fire kills all the pine trees in a patch of forest
    2. Early rainfall triggers the explosion of a locust population
    3. Drought decimates a wheat crop
    4. Silt from logging kills half the salmon in a stream
    5. Voles multiply and their food supply begins to dwindle
  8. In science, a theory is______________________________________________________.
  9. A landslide in the Oregon Cascades causes all the soil in a 30 meter by 300 meter section of a mountain to fall away, taking the trees and roots and all other vegetation with it. Within three years however, lichens and small herbaceous plants can be seen on the surface of the remaining rock and soil. This is an example of what____________________________.
  10. A very tasty butterfly evolved to have the same coloration of a butterfly that is not closely related to but that has high concentrations of extremely toxic compounds in its wings. This is an example of______________________________.
  11. Two organisms that use the same resources when those resources are in short supply are said to be______________.
  12. _______________poses the single greatest threat to biodiversity.
  13. Organisms that can use sunlight energy to synthesis complex food molecules are known as_____________________.
  14. Important positive roles of fungi in life on earth include:
    1. Decomposition
    2. Photosynthesis
    3. Synthesis of their own nutrients as producers
    4. Assist with water uptake of the plant
    5. All of the above
  15. Which of the following organisms is not ultimately dependant on the sun as a source of energy:
    1. An underground earthworm that avoids the sun
    2. A cave fish that feeds on debris floating down to it
    3. A night blooming flower that is pollinated by night flying bats
    4. All of the above are dependant on the sun
    5. None of the above are dependant on the sun
  16. Which of the following sequences of organization is likely to be seen in multicellular organism, going from smallest to largest:
    1. Cell, tissue, organ, organisms
    2. Cell, organ, system, tissue
    3. Cell, tissue, system, organisms
    4. Organism, system, organ, tissue
  17. Which of the following kingdoms contains multicellular organisms that ingest their food:
    1. Protoctista
    2. Animalia
    3. Plantae
    4. Prokaryotes
    5. Fungi
  18. Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms that obtain their food by absorption:
    1. Protoctista
    2. Animalia
    3. Plantae
    4. Prokaryotes
    5. Fungi
  19. A peculiarity of form, function, or behavior that promotes the likelihood of a species continued existence is ________.
  20. The definition of life is_______________________________________________________.
  21. The two parts of a species name, in order, are the__________________________________________.
  22. Which of the following concepts is not one of the unifying theories of biology:
    1. Virtually all organisms are composed of cells
    2. Life may arise through spontaneous generation
    3. The internal environment remains within a normal range
  23. What is the definition of a hypothesis________________________________________________.
  24. Which of the following is/are a biological "population"
    1. All the male an female sparrows that reside in your community
    2. All of the variable floored lady bird beetles of the species in a forest
    3. All of the corn plants in a cornfield
    4. All of the above
  25. The organisms in your backyard include trees, shrubs, grass, ants, mushrooms, birds, spiders, beetles, and bacteria. Together all of these make up a _____________________________________.
  26. Elements are composed of discrete packages called____________________________________________.
  27. To comply with scientific method, a hypothesis must:
    1. Be true
    2. Withstand vigorous investigation
    3. Be testable
    4. Eventually reach the status of an accepted principle
  28. What are the steps in a scientific method:_______________________________________________________.
  29. If a tree is analogous to the trunk of a tree what taxonomic class would be analogous to the large limbs coming off the trunk:
    1. Class
    2. Family
    3. Order
    4. Phylum
    5. Sub-family
  30. Which statement is not true about subatomic particles:
    1. Protons are found in the nucleus
    2. Neutrons have no electric charge
    3. Electrons contain much less mass than neutrons
    4. Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus
    5. All electrons in an atom contain the same amount of energy
  31. An atom’s atomic number is best described as the number of __________________________________________.
  32. An atom’s atomic mass is best described as the mass of______________________________________________.
  33. From the standpoint of obtaining nutrients, humans are considered:
    1. Producers
    2. Decomposers
    3. Consumers
    4. Autotrophs
  34. Classification along ancestral lines is ____________________________________________________.
  35. What is ecology:
  36. What is sucession:
  37. What is a predator:
  38. What is the latin binomial system:
  39. What is a virus:
  40. What is K species:
  41. What is a niche:
  42. What is archae
  43. What is homeostasis:
  44. What is autotrophy:
  45. What is R selected species:
  46. A frog survives a freezing cold winter on the bottom of a pond because:
    1. Ice, which floats on water, insulates the water beneath it
    2. The cells of a frogs body cannot freeze
    3. Water has low specific heat
  47. Janine has dry skin, so she used body oil every morning. The oil seals in some of the water on her skin, so that it doesn’t get dry. This is possible because oils:
    1. Are hydrophilic
    2. Are hydrophobic
    3. Have a high specific heat
    4. Are both non-polar and hydrophobic
  48. Some plants live in bogs where the ph is about 2. Thus these plants are able to survive in ________________external environment.
  49. The "t" of t-RNA stands for:________________________________
  50. What is point mutation:_____________________________________________________.
  51. The alpha helix and beta sheets are found at which level of protein organization________________________.
  52. What is the smallest structure or monomer:________________________________________________.
  53. Alcohol contains the ___________________________group as a functional group
  54. What is a condensation reaction:
  55. The monomer of starch is____________________________.
  56. Which polysaccharide is a main component in the exoskeleton of the crayfish____________________________.
  57. Saturated fatty acids contain the maximum number of ________________atoms per molecule.
  58. A neutral fat consists of _________________________bonding to fatty acids.
  59. A steroid molecule consists of _____________________ interlocking rings.
  60. Each is a component of a nucleotide except:
    1. Nitrogen base
    2. Fatty acid
    3. Five-carbon sugar
    4. Phosphate group
  61. If an animal wanted to store energy for long term use, but not be encumbered with the weight of extra tissue, which of the following represents the best molecule for storage:
    1. Starch
    2. High calorie fat
    3. Complex cellulose
    4. Fructose and glucose in the form of honey
    5. Glycogen and extensive side branching of glucose
  62. A steroid which helps regulate the sodium content of blood is __________________________________
  63. A nucleic acid polymer is made up of which of the following:
    1. Alternating sugar and phosphate groups
    2. Nucleotides
    3. Fatty acids and glycerol
    4. Amino acids
    5. Glucose
  64. Cholesterol belongs to which of the following lipids:
    1. Steroids
    2. Neutral fats
    3. Phospholipids
    4. Waxes
  65. The ph of the blood is slightly basic. Which of the following would be an appropriate ph:
    1. 9.0
    2. 7.4
    3. 8.5
    4. 4.7
  66. Compounds which donate h ions in solution are called:
    1. Buffers
    2. Bases
    3. Acids
    4. Isotopes
  67. Substances that minimize ph changes are __________________________.
  68. About _______% of human body weight is water.
  69. When two atoms combine by sharing one pair of their electrons, the bond is a:
    1. Divalent, single
    2. Covalent, single
    3. Covalent polar
  70. Storage of nitrogen in the soil would make it especially difficult for plants to manufacture:
    1. Starch
    2. Proteins
    3. Fatty acids
    4. DNA
    5. Cellulose
  71. Why can’t amylase break down cellulose:
  72. What is the main advantage of cell size?
  73. The part of the prokaryotic cell that contains the DNA is called the:
    1. Nucleoid
    2. Nucleus
    3. Nucleolus
    4. Nuclear lamina
  74. What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
  75. What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
  76. Two organelles that may be remnants of unicellular bacteria are:
    1. Flagella
    2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
    3. ribosomes and chloroplasts
  77. The cytoskeleton is composed of what?
  78. What organelles are found only in plant cells?
  79. The outer boundary of living cells is the____________________________________________________.
  80. Heart muscle has a number of gap junctions connecting them to adjoining cells. From this you can conclude that heart muscle cells:
    1. Exchange nuclei frequently
    2. Have plasmodesmata
    3. Communicate easily
  81. ____________________cells have a thick cell wall composed of cellulose.
  82. Highly resistant bodies produced by some bacteria that allow them to overcome undesirable environmental conditions. These are called:
    1. Endospheres
    2. Centrioles
    3. Mitochondria
    4. Glycocalayx
    5. Peptidoglycogan
  83. In animal cells, the ribosomes and site of protein synthesis:
    1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
    2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    3. Golgi apparatus
  84. Which of the following organelles is responsible for processing, packaging and secretion in eukaryotic cells:
    1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    2. Golgi apparatus
    3. Ribosomes
    4. Microtubules
  85. The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the requirement of a carrier protein or energy is:_________________________________________
  86. If a cell is removed from an environment where the external solute concentration is 2% and transferred to a new environment where the solute concentration is 10% that cell will______________________________________.
  87. The current theory of the structure of the membrane is best described as the __________________model.
  88. What is the first law of energy____________________________________________________.
  89. A bowl sitting on a counter is an example of what type of energy_________________________________.
  90. Apoenzyme is:
    1. Inactive, usually protein, part of enzyme
    2. Coenzyme
    3. Inhibitor
  91. ATP is the energy rich molecule in the cell because it:
    1. Is the large molecule
    2. Carries a positive charge
    3. Is made only from glucose
  92. Cells that do not produce cell walls are:
    1. Animal cells
    2. Plant cells
  93. Human red blood cells come in any blood types including A, B, AB and O. These blood types are due to:
    1. Proteins in the nucleus of the red blood cell
    2. Proteins or glycoproteins on the outré surface of the red blood cell
  94. The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best described by the _________________model.
  95. In a phopholipid bi-layer the:
    1. Fatty acids tails are ionized and polar
    2. Phospholipid heads are orientated toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm
  96. All bacteria exhibit the following characteristics:
    1. Rod shaped
    2. No nucleus
    3. Peptidoglycan cell wall
  97. What is the definition of active transport?
  98. What is the definition of passive transport?
  99. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution which of the following will occur?
    1. Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution
    2. Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution
  100. Pinocytosis is an example of what type of transport__________________________________________.
  101. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
  102. What is the best definition of simple diffusion?
  103. Biological membrane are mainly composed of:
    1. Lipids and carbohydrates
    2. Carbohydrates and proteins
    3. Nucleotides and proteins
    4. Phospholipids and proteins
  104. Which of the following supports the nuclear membrane, act as an attachment site for chromosomes and directs particles toward the nuclear pores/
    1. Golgi apparatus
    2. Chromatin
    3. Nuclear lamnia
  105. Oxygen moves out of the lungs into the bloodstream and out of the bloodstream into the tissues by what:
    1. Simple diffusion
    2. Exocytosis
    3. Gap junctions
    4. osmosis
  106. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane:
    1. Facilitated transport
    2. Active transport
    3. Co-transport
  107. Substances that effect enzymes by competing with the substrate for active sites are called_____________________.
  108. Energy is transferred in living systems by the flow of:
    1. Water
    2. Electrons
    3. Oxygen
    4. Neutrons
  109. The type of enzyme regulation in which the formation of a product inhibits an earlier reaction in the sequence is called
    1. Competitive feedback
    2. Feedback inhibition
    3. Repressor inhibition
  110. Enzymes:
    1. Transfer energy to metabolic reactions
    2. Speed up metabolic by lowering activation energy
  111. Reactions which require input of heat energy are __________________________________________________.

 

Study Guide for the New stuff

  1. What is epistasis?
  2. An allele is what?
  3. What is co-dominance?
  4. What is pleiotrophy?
  5. What are polygenic traits?
  6. What is the interaction of environment and genotype Examples:
  7. What is incomplete dominance?
  8. What is genotype?
  9. What is phenotype?
  10. What is a punnent square?
  11. What are inherited disorders?
  12. What is nondisjunction?

What are examples of non-disjunction disorders?

What are autosomal disorders?

What are examples of autosomal disorders?

What are the two types of autosomal disorders?

What are examples of dominant autosomal disorders?

What are examples of recessive autosomal disorders

Neurofibromatosis-

Acondroplasia-

Chronic simple glaucoma-

Familial hypercholesterolemia-

Polydactyl-

Sickle cell-

Cystic fibrosis-

Galactosomia-

Phenylketonuria-

Tay-Sachs-

What is an example of epistasis?

Huntington disease-

Fragile X-

Down Syndrome-

Kilinefelter Syndrome

What is the structure of DNA?

What is the structure of RNA

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

What are the types of RNA?

What are the function of MRNA

What is the function of TRNA

What is the function of RRNA

What are the general steps for protein synthesis?

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